![]() The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Together, my results reveal how sexual conflict can influence the origin, distribution and loss of diversity.Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. While sexual conflict promotes diversity within populations by maintaining alternative female morphs, the presence of these morphs is also associated with increased extinction risk and a fast lineage turnover. Finally, my results uncover a stark contrast between the consequences of sexual conflict at micro and macroevolutionary scales. States/Territories shown above are a general indicator of areas inhabited by the American Bluet Damselfly. I then used this phylogeny to show that female-limited colour polymorphisms have arisen repeatedly in this clade, and in association with ecological conditions that foster sexual conflict over mating. Some insects are naturally confined by environment, weather, mating habits, food resources and the like while others see widespread expansion across most, or all, of North America. I inferred a multi-locus phylogeny for the damselfly superfamily Coeangrionoidea. I-and O-females also differ from males and A-females in that the former two conceal the abdominal blue patch over the course of adult development, so that it is no. ![]() Yet, a large-scale phylogenetic framework is required to gain a full understanding of the macroevolutionary consequences of sexual conflict on the evolution of female-limited colour variation. These results suggest that female colour patterns might be highly evolutionarily labile. The males have amber to orange wings while the females wings are clear with brown. My thesis shows that immature colour patterns in non-mimic female morphs reduce male pre-mating harassment, and may have evolved by co-opting male colour signals to be expressed as immature signals of reproductive unsuitability. Eastern amberwing males are commonly seen on the edges of ponds and lakes. Moreover, my findings provide some insights as to how these profound phenotypic differences are produced over the course of adult development, and suggest that male mimics and non-mimics differ in the regulation of important developmental processes.įemales of the Common Bluetail undergo dramatic colour changes as they become sexually mature. ![]() These morphs also differ in their developmental sensitivity to temperature, which in turn influences how morph frequencies are distributed across European populations. One morph is more resistant to infections by parasitic mites, whereas the other is instead more tolerant. My results uncover further phenotypic associations between the two most common morphs of the Common Bluetail in Sweden. In the Common Bluetail damselfly (Ischnura elegans), female morphs differ in multiple phenotypic traits. First, how is phenotypic variation in ecological traits distributed among heritable female colour morphs? Second, how does sexual conflict shape phenotypic variation within the lifespan of females? Finally, how, where and why do female-limited morphs arise in the first place? In this thesis, I investigate three major questions regarding the evolutionary consequences of this pervasive sexual conflict. This is because their male-like appearance provides a frequency-dependent advantage against excessive male mating attempts. The most common female morph is then expected to be disproportionally harassed. One of the female morphs is typically male-coloured and considered a male mimic. Of the approximately 75 species in the genus Ischnura, c.a. In some species of pond damselflies (Odonata:Coeangrionidae), sexual conflict maintains discrete female-limited colour morphs over multiple generations and within populations. ![]() Only an inch in length, the male is nonetheless easily recognized by the four tiny blue dots. Sexual conflict over mating shapes the interactions between males and females in many animals and is also responsible for dramatic adaptations in both sexes. Pacific Forktail is a common and widespread little damselfly.
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